Tear deficiency can arise from various factors, making effective management crucial. Ageing is a common cause, as tear production decreases naturally, particularly in post-menopausal women due to hormonal changes. Autoimmune conditions like Sjögren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus can also lead to tear deficiency by attacking the glands responsible for tear production.

Certain medications, such as antihistamines, antidepressants, and blood pressure drugs, can reduce tear production as a side effect. Environmental factors, including dry or windy climates and prolonged screen time, can exacerbate tear evaporation. Additionally, medical conditions like diabetes, thyroid disorders, or surgeries affecting tear-producing nerves can impair tear function, as can direct damage to the lacrimal glands from infection, trauma, or radiation therapy.